Estilo de programación y convención de nombres II

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Continuando el post anterior vamos a ver sobre convención de nombres.

Convenciones del uso de Mayúsculas y minúsculas

Muchas convenciones de nomenclatura hacen uso de las mayúsculas y minúsculas en sus identificadores.

Entre ellas tenemos:

1. Estilo Pascal (PascalCase)
La primera letra del identificador y la primera letra de las siguientes palabras concatenadas están en mayúsculas. El estilo de mayúsculas y minúsculas Pascal se puede utilizar en identificadores de tres o más caracteres, por ejemplo:
ImageSprite

2. Estilo camelCase
La primera letra del identificador está en minúscula y la primera letra de las siguientes palabras concatenadas en mayúscula, por ejemplo:
imageSprite

3. Estilo Mayúsculas (ALL_CAPS)
Todas las letras del identificador se encuentran en mayúsculas ejemplo
IO

4. Estilo minúsculas (small_caps)
Todas las letras del identificador se encuentran en minúsculas ejemplo
system

Esta designación de la convención se utiliza muy poco

Cada lenguaje de programación hace uso de estos estilos según el identificador que use y de acuerdo a su convención.

En la siguiente tabla tenemos, las convenciones usadas por cada lenguaje de progragramción

Tipo	PHP	C#	Java
Clase	PascalCase	PascalCase	PascalCase
Constante	ALL_CAPS	PascalCase	ALL_CAPS
Método	camelCase	PascalCase	camelCase
Namespace / Package	small_caps (5.3x)	PascalCase	small_caps
Propiedades	camelCase	PascalCase	camelCase
Parámetro	camelCase	camelCase	camelCase
Variable local	camelCase	camelCase	camelCase
Interface	PascalCase	PascalCase	PascalCase

Convención de Nombres

La convención de nombres es un conjunto de normas y reglas para la escritura de nombres, código fuente, identificadores y comentarios dentro de la programación, que facilitan y hacen más comprensible su lectura.

1. Clases

• Las clases representan “cosas” y no “acciones”, por tal motivo evitar verbos como nombre de clase.
• El nombre de la clase debe estar en singular, salvo que la clase represente multiplicidad de cosas.
• Las Nombres de las clases deberían ser Sustantivos: ejemplo carro, hombre, tienda, pais, empleado, proveedor
• Cada clase debe tener un bloque de documentación según la norma del lenguaje.

EN PHP

/**
* Bloque de Documentación
*/
class SampleClass
{
     //contenido de la clase
}

En C#

///
/// Bloque de Documentación
///
public class SampleClass
{
    //contenido de clase
}

En Java

/**
* Bloque de Documentación
*/
public class SampleClass
{
     //contenido de la clase
}

2. Métodos

• Los nombres de los métodos deberían ser un verbo, dado que describe una acción ; ejemplo remover(), enviar(), cargar()
• Los Métodos dentro de las clases siempre debe declarar su visibilidad tales como privadas, protegidas, públicas, etc

3. Variables

• Evitar variables que sean de un solo carácter, Los nombres comunes para las variables temporales son i, j, k, m, y n para los números enteros; c, d, y e para los caracteres.
• Nombres de variables sólo pueden contener caracteres alfanuméricos
• Nombres de variables deben ser camelCase

4. Constantes
Según el tipo de lenguaje tenemos algunos ejemplos

PHP	C#	JAVA
MIN_WIDTH   LOCAL_CONSTANT COLUMNS	LocalConstant   MinWidth Colums	MIN_WIDTH   LOCAL_CONSTANT COLUMNS

4. Comentarios
Según el tipo de lenguaje que estemos usando podemos guiarnos de sus reglas y convenciones establecidas:
– php phpDocumentator
– c# MDSN guia
– java javadoc

Conclusiones
Hay muchas cosas mas que se quedan en el tintero, pero creo que con esta miniguía podemos empezar hacer que nuestro código sea mas elegante, profesional, fácil de entender y que nuestras aplicaciones puedan ser mas rápidos de mantener

Links Relacionados
http://java.sun.com/docs/codeconv/html/CodeConventions.doc10.html#182
http://framework.zend.com/manual/en/coding-standard.coding-style.html
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms229043.aspx
http://www.irritatedvowel.com/Programming/Standards.aspx