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“En todo lo que emprendas, actúa con prudencia y considera las consecuencias” Anónimo
No importa qué tan cómoda se vea una agenda de trabajo al comienzo de una iteración, no podrás evitar sentirte bajo presión en algún momento. Si te encuentras en una situación en la que tienes que elegir entre “hacerlo bien” o “hacerlo rápido”, suele ser tentador “hacerlo rápido” y pensar que regresarás a corregirlo más adelante. Cuando te haces esta promesa a ti mismo, a tu equipo, al cliente, lo haces en serio. Pero a menudo la siguiente iteración trae nuevos problemas y te debes enfocar en ellos. Este tipo de trabajo aplazado se conoce como deuda técnica y no es un buen amigo. Martin Fowler, en su taxonomía de la deuda técnica, la llama específicamente deuda técnica deliberada, la cual no debería confundirse con la deuda técnica inadvertida.
La deuda técnica es como un préstamo: te trae beneficios en el corto plazo, pero deberás pagar intereses hasta terminar de saldarla. Tomar atajos a la hora de programar hace que sea más difícil agregar funcionalidad o refactorizar tu código; las soluciones rápidas son un caldo de cultivo para defectos y casos de prueba muy frágiles. Mientras más tiempo las abandones, peor se ponen. Para cuando te decidas a corregir el problema puede que haya toda una pila de malas decisiones de diseño acumulada encima del problema original, haciendo que el código sea mucho más difícil de refactorizar y corregir. De hecho, es sólo cuando las cosas están tan mal como para tener que arreglarlas, que realmente vuelves y corriges el problema. Pero para entonces suele ser tan difícil corregirlo que no te puedes permitir el tiempo ni correr el riesgo.
Hay ocasiones en las que debes incurrir en la deuda técnica para cumplir con una fecha límite o para implementar una pequeña parte de una función. Intenta esquivar esos casos; sólo hazlo si la situación lo exige. Pero (y éste es un gran pero) debes mantener un ojo sobre la deuda técnica y pagarla tan pronto como puedas o las cosas se irán rápidamente cuesta abajo. Apenas te hayas endeudado, escribe una tarjeta o registra el problema en tu sistema de seguimiento para asegurarte de no olvidarlo.
Si planeas pagar la deuda en la próxima iteración, el costo será mínimo. Pero si la abandonas, se incrementarán los intereses y esto también deberá registrarse para que el costo permanezca a la vista. Hacer esto resaltará el impacto que tiene la deuda técnica del proyecto sobre el valor de la empresa y permitirá una priorización de pago. Cómo calcular y realizar el seguimiento de los intereses dependerá de cada proyecto, pero deberás hacerlo.
Paga la deuda técnica tan pronto como puedas; sería imprudente no hacerlo.
| Serie | : 97 Things Every Programmer Should Know |
| Autor | : Seb Rose |
| Titulo Original | : Act with Prudence |
| Traducción | : Natán Calzolari |
| Fuente | : http://97cosas.com/programador/actua-con-prudencia.html |
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